Is Keeping Squirrels as Pets Legal or Advisable? What You Need to Know

Understanding the Legal Landscape of Keeping Squirrels as Pets

Before you consider bringing a squirrel into your home, it’s critical to understand that the legality of keeping squirrels as pets varies significantly across the United States. Some states have explicit laws prohibiting private ownership of squirrels, while others may allow it under strict conditions or with special permits. For example, in California , owning a squirrel as a pet is expressly illegal. Violations can result in fines or even jail time, though prosecutions are rare. California law also prohibits feeding wild squirrels, with fines reaching up to $1,000 in some cases [3] . On the other hand, states like South Carolina may allow private ownership under very specific circumstances, such as capturing a squirrel within a certain distance from your home or during hunting season. Even then, ownership is strongly discouraged by wildlife authorities due to the potential for property damage and ecological disruption [1] .

Actionable Guidance: To determine if you can legally keep a squirrel as a pet, contact your state’s Department of Natural Resources, Fish and Wildlife agency, or equivalent authority. You can also speak with an exotic animal veterinarian who is familiar with local laws. If you find an injured or orphaned squirrel, seek help from a licensed wildlife rehabilitator before attempting to care for it yourself [4] .

The Realities of Squirrel Care: What to Expect

Squirrels are not domesticated animals . Their behavior, dietary needs, and social requirements differ significantly from typical pets like dogs or cats. Potential owners must be prepared for a high level of commitment, specialized knowledge, and a willingness to adapt their living environment to accommodate the animal’s natural instincts. Squirrels are extremely active, intelligent, and curious, which makes them prone to chewing on furniture, wires, and personal belongings. They require large, secure enclosures with plenty of climbing opportunities and mental stimulation. Without this, they can easily become bored, destructive, or even depressed [4] .

Another key challenge is veterinary care . Most veterinarians are not trained to treat exotic or wild animals, and those who do may be difficult to find and expensive. Squirrels have specific dietary needs that, if unmet, can lead to malnutrition or serious health issues. Common health problems include dental disease, metabolic bone disease, and injuries from falls or improper handling.

Risks and Ethical Considerations

Even if legal, there are ethical and practical reasons to reconsider keeping a squirrel as a pet. Removing a squirrel from the wild disrupts local ecosystems and denies the animal a natural life. Squirrels raised in captivity often lose their survival instincts, making it nearly impossible to release them back into the wild successfully [4] . Additionally, squirrels can carry parasites and diseases transmissible to humans and other pets. Their unpredictable behavior may result in bites or scratches, particularly during mating season or times of stress.

Case studies show that even well-intentioned owners frequently encounter difficulties as squirrels mature. What starts as a cute, manageable baby quickly becomes a demanding adult with powerful teeth and a tendency to escape. Many rescues report high rates of surrendered or abandoned pet squirrels, leading to overcrowded shelters and additional strain on wildlife rehabilitators.

Alternatives to Keeping Squirrels as Pets

For those who appreciate squirrels and want to help, there are safer and more ethical alternatives. Consider supporting local wildlife by creating a squirrel-friendly garden with native plants and safe, squirrel-proof feeders. Volunteer with wildlife rehabilitation centers or participate in citizen science projects that monitor squirrel populations. If you encounter a squirrel in distress, contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator or your state’s wildlife agency for guidance. These actions allow you to enjoy and support squirrels without the legal, ethical, and practical complications of private ownership.

Step-by-Step Guidance: What to Do If You Find a Squirrel

1. Assess the Situation: Observe from a distance. If the squirrel is injured, orphaned, or in immediate danger, proceed to the next step. 2. Contact Authorities: Reach out to a licensed wildlife rehabilitator or your state’s Department of Natural Resources. Many agencies maintain lists of approved rehabilitators; for example, you can search “wildlife rehabilitator [your state]” for official resources. 3. Provide Temporary Care (If Directed): If instructed, place the animal in a ventilated box with a soft cloth. Keep it warm, quiet, and away from pets and children. Do not attempt to feed the squirrel unless given specific instructions by a wildlife professional. 4. Follow Up: Cooperate fully with wildlife professionals, as improper care can seriously harm the animal and may expose you to legal liability.

If you are interested in exotic pet ownership, consider species that are legal and have a long history of domestication. Always conduct thorough research and consult with veterinarians and legal experts before committing to any exotic animal.

Practical Steps for Those Still Considering Squirrel Ownership

If, after legal verification and ethical consideration, you decide to pursue squirrel ownership in a state where it is allowed, follow these guidelines:

Obtain the squirrel from a USDA-licensed breeder approved by your state, if applicable. Never capture wild squirrels for pets, as this is illegal or discouraged in most areas [1] .
Secure all required permits and documentation. Regulations may change; verify every step with your state’s wildlife agency.
Work with an exotic animal veterinarian experienced in squirrel care for initial examinations and long-term health planning.
Prepare your home with a large, secure enclosure, and squirrel-proof your living space to prevent property damage and escapes.
Educate yourself on proper diet, enrichment, and handling techniques to ensure the squirrel’s wellbeing and safety.

Key Takeaways and Responsible Action

Keeping a squirrel as a pet is generally discouraged due to significant legal, ethical, and practical barriers. Most states restrict or outright prohibit private ownership, and the animal’s welfare is best served in its natural environment. If you wish to help squirrels or enjoy their presence, focus on supporting wildlife through ethical, community-based actions and by consulting with wildlife professionals for any questions or emergencies.